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REFERENCES
HERE ARE SOME GREAT REFERENCES FOR LEARNING! WHEN YOU LOOK INTO SOME OF THESE STUDIES REMEMBER THAT 99.9% OF STUDIES ARE DONE WITH THE USE OF SYNTHETIC VITAMINS. MANY OF THESE REFERENCES AND STUDIES SHOW THE ADVERSE EFFECTS OF SYNTHETIC VITAMINS INDIRECTLY BECAUSE MANY OF THE STUDIES SHOW ZERO POSITIVE RESULTS AND MANY TIMES ADVERSE RESULTS FOR YOUR HEALTH!
NATURALLY OCCURRING VITAMINS ARE THE WAY TO GO!!
DON'T RISK YOUR HEALTH TO THE UNCERTAINTY OF SYNTHETIC VITAMINS!TM
Vitamin A
Fallon
MB, Boyer JL. Hepatic toxicity of vitamin A and synthetic retinoids. J Gastro
Hepatol, 1990;5(3):334-342
Rothman
K, et al. Teratogenicity of high vitamin A intake. NEJM, 1995;333(21):1369-1373
Schelling
GT, Roeder RA, Garber MJ, Pumfrey WM. Bioavailability and interaction of
vitamin A and vitamin E in ruminants. J Nutr,1995;125(6):1799S-1803S
Ross
AC. Vitamin A and retinoids. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed.
William & Wilkins, Balt.,1999:305-327
Facts about Vitamin A and Carotenoids, from the National
Institates of Health's Office of Dietary Supplements.
Vitamin A Toxicity from http://www.vitamindcouncil.org/newsletter/2008-december.shtm
Xavier Mertz (first documented death of Hypervitaminosis A after
consuming a sled dog's liver during an Antarctic expedition)
Olson
JA. Vitamin A, retinoids, and carotenoids. In Modern Nutrition in Health and
Disease, 8th ed. Lea & Febiger, Phil.,1994:287-307
Vitamin B
Cervantes-Lauren
D, McElvaney NG, Moss J. Niacin. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th
ed. Williams & Wilkins, Balt.,1999:401-411
Kanno
C, Kanehara N, Shirafuji K, Tanji R, Imai T. Binding form of vitamin B2 in
bovine milk: its concentrations, distribution, and binding linkages. J Nutr Sci
Vitaminol, 1991;37(1):15-27
Kimura
M, Itokawa Y, Fujiwara M. Cooking losses of thiamin in food and its nutritional
significance. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol, 1990;36(S1):S17:S24
Ha
SW. Rabbit study comparing yeast and isolated B vitamins (as described in
Murray RP. Natural vs. Synthetic. Mark R. Anderson, 1995:A3). Ann Rev Physiol,
1941;3:259-282
Ishida
A, Kanefusa H, Fujita H, Toraya T. Microbiological activities of nucleotide
loop-modified analogues of vitamin B12. Arch Microbiol,1994;161(4):293-299
Nakano
H, McMahon LG, Gregory JF. Pyridoxine-5’-beta-glucoside exhibits incomplete
bioavailability as a source of vitamin B-6 and partially inhibits the
utilization of co-ingested pyridoxine in humans. J Nutr,1997;127(8):1508-1513
Tandler
B, Krhenbul S, Brass EP. Unusual mitochondria in the hepatocytes of rats
treated with a vitamin B12 analogue. Anat Rec,1991;231(1):1-6
Plesofsky-Vig
N. Pantothenic acid and Coenzyme A. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease,
8th ed. Lea & Febiger, Phil.,1994:395-401
Herbert
V. Folic Acid In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. Williams &
Wilkins, Balt.,1999:433-446
Herbert
V, Das KC. Folic acid and vitamin B12. In Modern Nutrition in Health and
Disease, 8th ed. Lea & Febiger, Phil.,1994:402-425
Tanphaichitr
V. Thiamin. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Lea &
Febiger, Phil.,1994:359-365
Swenseid
ME and Jacob RA. Niacin. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Lea
and Febiger, Phil.,1994:376-382
Leklem
JE. Vitamin B6. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Lea &
Febiger, Phil.,1994:383-394
Vitamin C
Vinson
JA, Howard TB. Inhibition of protein glycation and advanced glycation end
products by ascorbic acid and other vitamins and nutrients. Nutr Bioch,
1996;7:659-663
Vinson
JA, Courey JM, Maro NP. Comparison of two forms of vitamin C on galactose
cataracts. In Nutrition Research, Vol 12. Pergamon Press, 1992:915-922
Vinson
JA, Bose P. Bioavailability of synthetic ascorbic acid and a citrus extract.
Ann New York Academy of Sciences, Vol 498. 525:526, July 1987
Vinson
JA, et al. In vitro and in vivo reduction of erythrocyte sorbitol by ascorbic
acid. Diabetes, 1989;38:1036-1041
Kasai
T, Inoue K, Komatsubara H, Tsujimura. Synthesis and antiscorbutic activity of
vitamin C analogue: L-threo-hex-2-enaro-1,4-lactone ethyl ester in the guinea
pig. Int J Vitamin Nutr Res,1993;63(3):208-211
Vinson
JA, Hu S, Jung S. A citrus extract plus ascorbic acid decreases lipids, lipid
peroxides, lipoprotein oxidative susceptibility, and atherosclerosis in
hypercholesterolemic hamsters. J Agric Food Chem, 1998;46:1453-1469
Vinson
JA, Bose P. Comparative bioavailabililty of humans to ascorbic acid alone or in
a citrus extract. Am J Clin Nutr, 1988;48:601-406
Vinson
J. Human supplementation with different forms of vitamin C. University of
Scranton, Scranton (PA)
Jacob
RA. Vitamin C. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. William &
Wilkins, Balt.,1999:467-483
Gomez-Cabrera MC, Domenech E, Romagnoli M, Arduini A, Borras C,
Pallardo FV, Sastre J, and Vina, J. Oral administration of vitamin C decreases
muscle mitochondrial biogenesis and hampers training-induced adaptations in
endurance performance. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008 Jan;87(1):142-9.
Berger TM, Polidori MC, Dabbagh A, et al. Antioxidant activity
of vitamin C in iron-overloaded human plasma. J Biol Chem 1997;272:15656-60.
Childs A, Jacobs C, Kaminski T, Halliwell B, Leeuwenhurgh C.
Supplementation with vitamin C and N-acetvl-cysteine increases oxidative stress
in humans after an acute muscle injury induced by eccentric exercise. Free
Radic Biol Med 2001;31:745-53.
Close GL, Ashton T, Cable T, et al. Ascorbic acid
supplementation does not attenuate post-exercise muscle soreness following
muscle-damaging exercise but may delay the recovery process. Br J Nutr 2006;95
:976-81.
Morh D, Stocker R. Selective and sensitive measurement of
vitamin C, ubiquinol-10 and other low-molecular-weight antioxidants. in:
Punchard NA, Kelly FJ, eds. Free radicals-a practical approach. Oxford, United
Kingdom: Oxford University Press 2002:271-86,
Davies KJ, Packer L, Brooks GA. Biochemical adaptation of
mitochondria, muscle, and whole-animal respiration to endurance training. Arch
Biochem Biophys 1981;209:539-54.
Marshall RJ, Scott KC, Hill RC, et al. Supplemental vitamin C
appears to slow racing greyhounds. J Nutr 2002;132(suppl):1616S-21S.
Shekelle P, Morton S, Hardy M. Effect of Supplemental
Antioxidants Vitamin C, Vitamin E, and Coenzyme Q10 for the Prevention and
Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Summary, Evidence Report/Technology
Assessment: Number 83. AHRQ Publication Number 03-E042, June 2003. Agency for
Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD.
Vitamin D
Holick
MF. Vitamin D. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. William &
Wilkins, Balt.,1999:329-345
Vitamin D Council (Vitamin A & D ratios and problems)
Holick
MF. Vitamin D. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Lea &
Febiger, Phil.,1994:308-325
Hathcock JN, Shao A, Vieth R, Heaney R (January 2007).
"Risk assessment for vitamin D". Am J Clin Nutr 85(1): 6-18.
Vieth R (May 1999). "Vitamin D supplementation,
25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations, and safety". Am. J Clin. Nutr. 69 (5):
842-56
Vitamin E
Traber
MG, Elsner A, Brigelius-Flohe R. Synthetic as compared with natural vitamin E
is preferentially excreted as alpha-CEHC in human urine: studies using
deuterated alpha-tocopherol acetates. FEBS Letters, 1998;437:145-148
Farrell
PA, Roberts RJ. Vitamin E. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed.
Lea & Febiger, Phil.,1994:326-358
Levy. AP, Gerstein, HC, Miller-Lotan, R, Ratner, R, McQueen, M,
Lonn, E, & Pogue, J. (2004). The effect of vitamin E supplementation on
cardiovascular risk in diabetic individuals with different haptoglobin
phenotypes. Diabetes Care, 27, 2767.
Burton GW, Traber, MG, Acuff RV, Walters DN, Kayden H, Hughes L,
Ingold, KU. (1998). Human plasma and tissue alpha-tocopherol concentrations in
response to supplementation with deuterated natural and synthetic vitamin E. Am
J Clin Nutr 67, 669-684.
Coombes JS, Powers SK, Rowell B, et al. Effects of vitamin E and
alpha-lipoic acid on skeletal muscle contractile properties. J Appl Physiol 200
1;90: 1424-30.
Miller, ER 3rd, Pastor-Barriuso, B, Dalal, D, Riemersma, RA,
Appel, LJ, & Guallar, E. (2004). Meta-Analysis: High-Dosage Vitamin E
Supplementation May Increase All-Cause Mortality. Annals of Internal Medicine,
142.
Manning PJ, Sutherland WH, Walker RJ, Williams SM, De Jong SA,
Ryalls AR, & Berry EA. (2004). Effect of high-dose vitamin E on insulin
resistance and associated parameters in overweight subjects. Diabetes Care, 27,
2166-2171.
Vitamin K
Olson
RE. Vitamin K. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Lea &
Febiger, Phil.,1994:342-358
CO Q 10
Malm C, Svensson M, Sjoberg B, Ekhorn B. Supplementation with
ubiquinone-10 causes cellular damage during intense exercise. Acta Physiol
Scand 1996;157:51 1-2.
Antioxidants
Vinson
J. Human supplementation with antioxidants. Med Sci Res, 1992;20:145-146
Nielsen AN, Mizuno M, Ratkevicius A, et al. No effect of
antioxidant supplementation in triathletes on maximal oxygen uptake, 31P-NMRS
detected muscle energy metabolism and muscle fatigue. Int J Sports Med 1999 20:
154-8.
Schumann
K, et al. Bioavailability of oral vitamins, minerals, and trace minerals in
perspective. Arzneimittelforschung,1997;47(4):369-380
Vinson
J, Bose P, Lemoine L, Hsiao KH. Bioavailability studies. In Nutrient
Availability: Chemical and Biological Aspects. Royal Society of Chemistry,
Cambridge ( UK) 1989:125-127
General Nutrition
Plesofsky-Vig
N. Pantothenic acid. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. William
& Wilkins, Balt.,1999:423-432
Leklem JE. Vitamin B6. In Modern Nutrition in
Health and Disease, 9th ed. William & Wilkins, Balt.,1999:413-421
Tenney
L. Health Handbook. Woodland Books, Provo (UT), 1987
Williams
AW, Erdman JW. Food processing: nutrition, safety, and quality balances. In
Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. William & Wilkins,
Balt.,1999:1813-1821
McCormick
DB, Riboflavin. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. William
& Wilkins, Balt.,1999:391-399
Hui
JH. Encyclopedia of Food Science and Technology. John Wiley, New York, 1992
Haynes
W. Chemical Trade Names and Commercial Synonyms, 2nd ed. Van Nostrand Co., New
York, 1955
Tanphaichitr
V. Thiamin. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 9th ed. William &
Wilkins, Balt.,1999:381-389
Mack
A. All vitamin supplements not created equal. Med Trib, May 21, 1998:17
Bauernfeind
JC. Nutrification of foods. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed.
Lea & Febiger, Phil.,1994:1579-1592
Thiel
R. Vitamins are naturally found in food complexes. ANMA Monitor, 1999; 3(1):5-9
Watson WA, Litovitz TL, Klein-Schwartz W, et al (2004).
"2003 annual report of the American Association of Poison Control Centers
Toxic Exposure Surveillance System". Am J Emerg Med 22 (5): 335-404.
Jenkins
DJA, Wolever TMS, and Jenkins AL. Diet Factors Affecting Nutrient Absorption
and Metabolism. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Lea &
Febiger, Phil.,1994:58
Barrett
S, Herbert V. Fads, Frauds, and Quackery. In Modern Nutrition in Health and
Disease, 9th ed. William & Wilkins, Balt.,1999:1793-1800
Barrett
S, Herbert V. The Vitamin Pushers: How the ‘Health Food’ Industry is Selling
America a Bill of Goods. Prometheus Press, Amherst (NY), 1994
Whitney
EN, Rolfes S. Understanding Nutrition, 7th ed. West Publishing, St. Paul, 1996
Whitney
EN, Hamilton EMN. Understanding Nutrition, 4ed. West Publishing, New York, 1987
Ensminger
AH, Ensminger ME, Konlade JE, Robson JRK. Food & Nutrition Encyclopedia,
2nd ed. CRC Press, New York, 1993
The
United States Pharmacopeial Convention. USAN and USP Dictionary of Drug Names.
Mack Printing, Easton (PA),1986
Macrae
R, Robson RK, Sadler MJ. Encyclopedia of Food Science and Nutrition. Academic
Press, New York, 1993
Turner
G. Spectral Data Services. Tests conducted Feb. 1993
McCormick
DB. Riboflavin. In Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease, 8th ed. Lea &
Febiger, Phil.,1994:366-375
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